In the previous post, terms such as private sphere and public sphere and private sector and public sector appeared. To avoid ambiguity and ensure discipline… Read More »Who maintains the state? (2)

In general, people are aware that the state “ maintains itself” primarily from public tributes in the broadest sense, among which taxes are predominant. They… Read More »Who maintains the state? (1)

I stated previously that goods produced and unsold have no value to anyone but their producer. What’s more, AFTER THE FACT (ex post) one can… Read More »More about value

The obvious answer to the question posed at the end of the post devoted to the role of employees in the company is that NO… Read More »On Value

In my previous post I argued that the object of a purchase/sale transaction cannot be LABOR, but only its EFFECTS. And the effect can be… Read More »The role of workers in economic processes

It is a common belief that people employed in various enterprises and institutions are paid for their WORK. The belief stems directly from one of… Read More »Can labor be a commodity?

I hope that the arguments given in the previous post leave no doubt that merchant (trading) activity is a PROCESS of SERVICE PROVIDING stretched over… Read More »More about commercial activities

As the previous post shows, in order to enter into a purchase/sale transaction, i.e. an ACT OF EXCHANGE in the market, the seller must have… Read More »What do merchants get rich on?

The thesis that the act of exchange does not enrich anyone, which I always preach in my lectures, and which I also repeated in the… Read More »More about equivalence principle

It is clear from what I have written in previous posts that, thanks to the existence of the market, EVERY participant in the market can… Read More »Equivalence – the basic principle of market exchange